![]() Estimation shows that the prevalence of HIV among the Iranian population age ≥ 18 was 90 per 100,000 people (15,000 female and 39,000 male) in 2019. In 2020, 5.8 million people were living with HIV in Asia and the Pacific regional. Of these, about 6.1 million infected people with HIV are not aware of their infection. About 37.7 million people living with HIV/AIDS in 2020 globally. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, the annual incidence of HIV infection was about 2.6 million per year in 2015. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues as one of the serious public health challenges in developing countries. Policies aiming at promoting HIV preventive behaviors among male may reduce the gap in HIV infection between female and male in Iran. The results can provide evidence for health policymakers to better planning and conducting gender-based preventive and screening programs. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition indicated that most explanatory factors affecting the differences in HIV infection were job exposure, drug abuse, history of imprisonment, injection drug, heterosexual unsafe sex, and having an HIV-positive spouse. The absolute gap in the prevalence of HIV infection between male and female was 4.50% (95% CI: − 5.33, − 3.70%). The age-adjusted proportion of HIV infection was 9.45% (95%Cl: 9.02, 9.87). The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition was used to quantify the contribution of explanatory variables to the gap in the prevalence of HIV infection between female and male. The study used the data of 20,156 medical records of high-risk people who were admitted to Imam Khomeini Voluntary Counseling and Testing site in Tehran from 2004 to 2018. The aim of this study was to measure gender inequality in HIV infection and its determinates in Tehran city, the capital of Iran. ![]() Despite clear evidence on role of gender in vulnerability and exposure to HIV infection, information on gender-related inequalities in HIV and related factors are rarely documented.
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